Yeah, there have been a couple of Sonics running 20's. Not sure how much modification was necessary in each case to make them fit or if they rub at all.
MPFab also put a huge set of tires on his car, but they're more wide than tall. The 255/35-18s he put on the back are only ~3% taller than stock but about 30% wider, and he fit them with coilovers. He's got 225/40-18 on the front, which are about the same height. If you keep your wheels/tires skinnier than that, I'm sure you can fit something taller, especially on stock suspension.
I would also like to know what the tallest possible tire is without rubbing, in case I decide to go that route for extreme highway mileage. Apparently Trifecta and the other tuning companies can reprogram the speedo for different tire heights, so that shouldn't be an issue.