Ol there's a lot in here so I'm just gonna cover what I've picked up from reputable sources and observations. Some of this has already been cover.
1. Engine exhaust does work in pulses. There are + pulses and -pulses (ppositive and negative). In an ideally setup engine the timing of when a positive or negative wave reaches the exhuast valve it is time to help evacuate spent charges (the - wave is what scavenges the cylinders). Some all out reace engines have exceeded 110% volumetric effeciency with proper intake and exhaust tuning. (Normal NA engines have approx 80% VE, forced induction regulary exceeds 110%) *note the engineers designers of these systems do NOT car about back pressure their tuning skills are way beyond it. Its flow, velocity, pressure waves, and timing to them*
The exhaust tuning to scavenge cyclinders is affected by HEADERS: primary pipe lenght, primary pipe I.D., collector length, collector dia. Secondary pip length and dia. Header design has a huge role in power generation and where the rpm band is maximized. After that its Pipe size, type of muffler device (glass pack and chambered exhuast affect pulse tuning. A big reason is when the waves enter a chambered muffler it sees a bigger cross section and reverberates back. The waves travel trhu a glasspack simialry to how they would a straight pipe). And finally total exhaust length.
Full exhaust tuning is most apparent on motocross bikes, race cars and sport bikes. Traditionally exhaust tuning. Could be setup to favor a narrow RPM range and really maximize effeciency there at expense of other areas or it could be setup to boost most of the rev range but not as strongly (or if goobered up take power away or even shift it to an rpm range never used). As has become common place on motocross bike exhaust they are now adding steps in the header (pipe I.D. increases) or helmz holz resonators (similar to what an earliar poster had on his Audi A6) to get the gains of of more targetet exhaust without the downsides of a narrow RPM band.
I do not know of anyone going to these tuning lengths just for sound or even how much of affect in sound output it would have. BUT nearly everycar that the builder went thru the challenges. Of not only selecting the right dia exhaust but also carefully choosing every dimension of the exhaust sounds amazing. I'm sure its more a chicken and the egg thing, the exhaust followed an awesome buold and was not the sole reason for the awesome sound.
Here's the kicker, the exhaust after the turbine on a turbo car will not benefit from this tuning. It wants a couple feet of exhaust that is roughly the same size or marginally larger than the turbine outlet size (3in on our cars) to help convert the flow of exhaust from axially (think toilet flush) to turbulent). After that as long as the exhaust is large enough to flow the maximum amount of exhaust it really don't care.
So unless your really planning some big power mods in the future anywhere between 2.25" to 3" will be fine. If you want the performance throw on a catless downpipe (top cat/1st cat). Then either have a shop build you a downpip back or wait for ZZP to make their "flex pipe O2" section of pipe and put on a 2.25" or bigger exhaust from there back and add a glass pack or chamber muffler to it (check out the build threads and lesson to different members sound bytes and when you find one that sounds good use that muffler)
Oh and FYI only running the catless downpipe sounds like SH!T, don't even think about it haha, its got a horrible sound at idle, coasting, revving and WOT under load, not a pleasant sound, and suprisingly not as loud as a full straight exhaust.